The arc welding source uses a DC mode rather than an AC mode because the
energy input and density are higher in the first case. The arc source is often operated in a
pulsed mode since this has been shown to reduce the amount of spatter whilst maintaining a
deep penetration of the weld. The welding voltage has been shown not to greatly influence the
weld penetration depth, which is mostly dependant on the laser power, but the weld bead gets
wider if the welding voltage increases, giving a lower depth to width ratio for a same laser
power. The arc voltage (and wire feed rate) will therefore need to be increased for wider fit-up
gaps, to avoid any lack of fusion. The welding current is generally matched to the filler wire
diameter (higher welding current for higher wire diameter). Considering a given wire
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